Objective measures of smoking and caffeine intake and the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Roshan John Selvaratnam Ulla Sovio Emma Cook Francesca Gaccioli David Stephen Charnock-JonesGordon C S Smith

Published in: International journal of epidemiology (2023)

Based on objective data, consistent exposure to smoking throughout pregnancy was strongly associated with sPTB and FGR. High levels of paraxanthine were not independently associated with any of the studied outcomes and were confounded by smoking.

Keyphrases

pregnancy outcomes
smoking cessation
pregnant women
type diabetes
big data
metabolic syndrome
weight gain
machine learning
adipose tissue
physical activity
skeletal muscle
weight loss
adverse drug
glycemic control
solid state