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Secular Trends in Incidence of Esophageal Cancer in Taiwan from 1985 to 2019: An Age-Period-Cohort Analysis.

Min-Chen TsaiYu-Ching ChouYu-Kwang LeeWan-Lun HsuChin-Sheng TangShiow-Ying ChenShih-Pei HuangYong-Chen ChenJang-Ming Lee
Published in: Cancers (2022)
In Taiwan, the age-standardized incidence of EC, especially esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), has increased substantially during the past thirty years. We described the incidence trends of EC from 1985-2019 by an average annual percentage change (AAPC) and age-period-cohort model by using Taiwan Cancer Registry data. Age-period-cohort modeling was used to estimate the period and cohort effects of ESCC and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). The Spearman's correlation coefficient was used to analyze the correlation between age-adjusted incidence rates of EC and the prevalence of risk factors from national surveys. The results showed the incidence rate of ESCC in men (AAPC = 4.2, 95% CI = 3.1-5.4, p < 0.001) increased prominently from 1985-1989 to 2015-2019 while that of EAC in men (AAPC = 1.2, 95% CI = 0.9-1.5, p < 0.001) and ESCC in women (AAPC = 1.7, 95% CI = 1.4-2.1, p < 0.001) increased to a lesser degree. Increased period effects were observed in ESCC in men, ESCC in women, and EAC in men. High correlations were found between the risk factors and the increased birth-cohort effects of ESCC ( p < 0.05). To conclude, the incidence of ESCC in both sex and EAC in men increased with statistical significance in recent decades. The increased prevalence of risk factors from approximately 1970-1995 could explain the increased cohort effects of ESCC.
Keyphrases
  • risk factors
  • middle aged
  • squamous cell carcinoma
  • magnetic resonance imaging
  • polycystic ovary syndrome
  • machine learning
  • metabolic syndrome
  • lymph node metastasis
  • pregnancy outcomes
  • electronic health record