A sequential diversification with Miocene extinction and Pliocene speciation linked to mountain uplift explains the diversity of the African rain forest clade Monodoreae (Annonaceae).

East Africa is inferred as an important source of Monodoreae species, and possibly for African plant diversity in general. Our results support a "sequential scenario of diversification" where increased aridification triggered extinction of TRF species in Monodoreae. This was quickly followed by rain forests fragmentation, subsequently enhancing lagged speciation resulting from vicariance and improved climate conditions. In contrast to previous ideas, the uplift of East Africa is shown to have played a positive role in Monodoreae diversification.