Diagnostic office hysteroscopy; why is it still painful procedure despite the surgical experience and mini-hysteroscope?

Hakan GuraslanMehmet B SenturkKeziban DoğanBerkay YukselCihan Kaya Tolga Karacan Ozlem Karabay Akgul Yasin Ceylan

Published in: The journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research (2022)

In addition to nulliparity and postmenopausal status, unfavorable features of the cervical canal, such as the excessive flexion position of the cervix and uterine retroversion are significant causes of pain during outpatient hysteroscopy.

Keyphrases

chronic pain
pain management
bone mineral density
neuropathic pain
weight gain
minimally invasive
preterm birth
breast cancer risk
postmenopausal women
postoperative pain
weight loss