Anatomical basis of retrograde thoracic veins flow and its implications in complex thoracic wall reconstructive surgery.

Barbara Buffoli Vincenzo VerzelettiVittoria GabusiLorena Giugno Lena Hirtler Gianpaolo Faini

Published in: Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA (2022)

Our study suggests a possible influence of the presence and the number of valves in the efficient retrograde flow of the internal thoracic veins, suggesting that, especially for more complex cases, a preoperative or intraoperative evaluation of the chest wall drainage should be recommended.

Keyphrases

spinal cord
patients undergoing
minimally invasive
inferior vena cava
coronary artery bypass
aortic valve
heart failure
aortic valve replacement
coronary artery disease
left ventricular
transcatheter aortic valve implantation
transcatheter aortic valve replacement
aortic stenosis