Effect of Stability of Two-Dimensional (2D) Aminoethyl Methacrylate Perovskite Using Lead-Based Materials for Ammonia Gas Sensor Application.

Changes in physical properties of (H 2 C=C(CH 3 )CO 2 CH 2 CH 2 NH 3 ) 2 PbI 2 Cl 2 and (H 2 C=C(CH 3 )CO 2 CH 2 CH 2 NH 3 ) 2 Pb(NO 3 ) 2 Cl 2 (2D) perovskite materials from iodide-based ( I -AMP) and nitrate-based ( N -AMP) leads were investigated at different durations (days) for various storage conditions. UV-Vis spectra of both samples showed an absorption band of around λ max 420 nm due to the transition of n to π* of ethylene (C=C) and amine (NH 2 ). XRD perovskite peaks could be observed at approximately 25.35° ( I -AMP) and 23.1° ( N -AMP). However, a major shift in I -AMP and dramatic changes in the crystallite size, FHWM and crystallinity percentage highlighted the instability of the iodide-based material. In contrast, N -AMP showed superior stability with 96.76% crystallinity even at D20 under the S condition. Both materials were exposed to ammonia (NH 3 ) gas, and a new XRD peak of ammonium lead iodide (NH 4 PbI 3 ) with a red-shifted perovskite peak (101) was observed for the case of I -AMP. Based on the FWHM, crystallite size, crystallinity and lattice strain analysis, it can be concluded N -AMP's stability was maintained even after a few days of exposure to the said gases. These novel nitrate-based lead perovskite materials exhibited great potential for stable perovskite 2D materials and recorded less toxicity compared to famous lead iodide (PbI 2 ) material.