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Gold-Catalyzed Dimerization of Diarylalkynes: Direct Access to Azulenes.

Vanessa ClausMichael SchukinSiegfried HarrerMatthias RudolphFrank RomingerAbdullah M AsiriJin XieA Stephen K Hashmi
Published in: Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) (2018)
We have developed a simple gold-catalyzed procedure for the synthesis of substituted and modifiable azulenes. The azulenes are formed either by the dimerization of push-pull diarylalkynes bearing a fluorine atom in ortho or para position or by the dimerization of a symmetric electron-rich diarylalkyne. In the presence of a cationic gold catalyst, the two alkynes can form a highly reactive vinyl cation. Trapping of this high-energy intermediate by an appropriate aryl unit then delivers substituted azulenes in a single step and in a perfect atom economy.
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