Anatomical Variations of the External Genitalia in Posterior Cloaca: Clinical Consequences of Misdiagnosis-A Systematic Review of the Literature and the ARM-Net Consortium Experience.

 Patients with PC are at high risk of being diagnosed with AG or even assigned the wrong gender at birth. In our series two patients were assigned as males, and consequently one of them underwent a highly mutilating surgery. A thorough physical examination together with a high index of suspicion and laboratory workup are mandatory to identify these variations, avoiding further investigations, unnecessary surgeries, and parental stress.