Malnutrition and Erythropoietin Resistance among Patients with End-Stage Kidney Disease: Where Is the Perpetrator of Disaster?

Modulation of adipokine- and cytokine-related signaling is a promising target in tempering malnutrition in hemodialyzed, and thus achieving better outcomes in anemia treatment. Large clinical studies that target the inflammatory response in hemodialysis, especially regarding IL-6, TNF-alpha, and leptin, would be of great worth.