Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α is Essential for Macrophage-mediated Erythroblast Proliferation in Acute Friend Retrovirus Infection.
Timm SchreiberTheresa QuintingUlf DittmerJoachim FandreyKathrin SutterPublished in: Scientific reports (2017)
Macrophages are the frontline of defence against foreign microorganisms, including bacteria, parasites, and viruses. During acute viral infection, macrophages must invade the inflamed tissue toward low oxygen concentrations, where genetic cellular responses depend on hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF). In the study reported here we investigated the role of HIF-1α in macrophage function during acute retroviral infection. Wild-type and myeloid cell-specific HIF-1α knockout mice were infected with Friend retrovirus (FV), and immune response was analysed 7 and 10 days after infection. FV infection led to increased spleen weight in wild-type and knockout mice, whereas a profound proliferation of erythroblasts was seen only in wild-type mice. The number of spleen-infiltrating macrophages was also significantly lower in knockout animals. Macrophage invasion after FV infection in wild-type mice led to elevated amounts of activated macrophage-stimulating 1 protein that resulted in massive proliferation of erythrocyte precursor cells. This proliferation was absent from knockout mice because of impaired invasion capabilities of HIF-1α-deficient macrophages. Our study elucidated a novel mechanism of FV-induced erythrocyte precursor cell proliferation.
Keyphrases
- wild type
- liver failure
- signaling pathway
- immune response
- adipose tissue
- cell proliferation
- drug induced
- endothelial cells
- respiratory failure
- type diabetes
- hepatitis b virus
- oxidative stress
- dna methylation
- acute myeloid leukemia
- autism spectrum disorder
- mesenchymal stem cells
- cell cycle
- physical activity
- diabetic rats
- amino acid
- stress induced
- genetic diversity
- weight gain
- insulin resistance
- pi k akt
- body weight