Toward Continuous-Wave Pumped Metal Halide Perovskite Lasers: Strategies and Challenges.

Reliable and efficient continuous-wave (CW) lasers have been intensively pursued in the field of optoelectronic integrated circuits. Metal perovskites have emerged as promising gain materials for solution-processed laser diodes. Recently, the performance of CW perovskite lasers has been improved with the optimization of material and device levels. Nevertheless, the realization of CW pumped perovskite lasers is still hampered by thermal runaway, unwanted parasitic species, and poor long-term stability. This review starts with the charge carrier recombination dynamics and fundamentals of CW lasing in perovskites. We examine the potential strategies that can be used to improve the performance of perovskite CW lasers from the materials to device levels. We also propose the open challenges and future opportunities in developing high-performance and stable CW pumped perovskite lasers.