Water-Induced Chiral Separation on a Au(111) Surface.

Facing the scientific question of the origin of chirality in life, water is considered to play a crucial role in driving many biologically relevant processes in vivo. Water has been demonstrated in vitro to be related to chiral generation, amplification, and inversion, while the underlying mechanism is still not fully understood. Real-space evidence at the single-molecule level is thus urgently required to understand the role of water molecules in biomolecular chirality related issues. Herein, we choose one of the RNA bases, the biomolecule uracil (U), which self-assembles into racemic hydrogen-bonded structures. Upon water exposure, surprisingly, racemic structures could be transformed to homochiral water-involved structures, resulting in an unexpected chiral separation on the surface. The origin of chiral separation is due to preferential binding between water and the specific site of U molecules, which leads to the formation of the energetically most favorable homochiral (U-H2O-U)2 cluster as seed for subsequent chiral amplification. Such a water-driven self-assembly process may also be extended to other biologically relevant systems such as amino acids and sugars, which would provide general insights into the role that water molecules may play in the origin of homochirality in vivo.