Advances in nanoporous materials for next-generation battery applications.

In recent years, nanoporous materials, mainly represented by metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs), have shown unparalleled potential in critical applications such as energy storage, gas separation and catalysis. The integration of MOFs/COFs into battery technology has garnered substantial research attention since it was found that such materials also play important roles in batteries. The highly controllable nanoporous features of MOFs/COFs enable the regulation of the solvation environment of lithium ions, thereby significantly improving the performance of lithium metal batteries. Moreover, the selective adsorption features of MOFs/COFs make them particularly useful for stabilising high nickel cathodes and sulfur cathodes. This review provides an overview of the application of MOFs/COFs in batteries, and explores potential future directions and challenges in this rapidly evolving interdisciplinary field.