Lung innervation in the eye of a cytokine storm: neuroimmune interactions and COVID-19.
Francesco De VirgiliisSimone Di GiovanniPublished in: Nature reviews. Neurology (2020)
COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, which was first reported in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 and has caused a global pandemic. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a common feature of severe forms of COVID-19 and can lead to respiratory failure, especially in older individuals. The increasing recognition of the neurotropic potential of SARS-CoV-2 has sparked interest in the role of the nervous system in respiratory failure in people with COVID-19. However, the neuroimmune interactions in the lung in the context of ARDS are poorly understood. In this Perspectives article, we propose the concept of the neuroimmune unit as a critical determinant of lung function in the context of COVID-19, inflammatory conditions and ageing, focusing particularly on the involvement of the vagus nerve. We discuss approaches such as neurostimulation and pharmacological neuromodulation to reduce tissue inflammation with the aim of preventing respiratory failure.
Keyphrases
- sars cov
- respiratory failure
- extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
- acute respiratory distress syndrome
- mechanical ventilation
- coronavirus disease
- respiratory syndrome coronavirus
- lung function
- intensive care unit
- oxidative stress
- infectious diseases
- machine learning
- air pollution
- chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- deep learning
- risk assessment
- peripheral nerve
- human health