Interaction Effect of the Mediterranean Diet and an Obesity Genetic Risk Score on Adiposity and Metabolic Syndrome in Adolescents: The HELENA Study.
Miguel Seral-CortesSergio Sabroso-LasaFernando CiveiraMaria Del Mar BibiloniEva GesteiroCristina Molina-HidalgoStefaan De HenauwÉva ErhardtLaura CensiYannis ManiosEva KaraglaniKurt WidhalmAnthony KafatosLaurent BéghinAline MeirhaegheDiego F Salazar-TortosaJonathan R RuizLuis Alberto Moreno AznarLuis Mariano EstebanIdoia Labayen GoñiPublished in: Nutrients (2020)
Obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are worldwide major health challenges. The Mediterranean diet (MD) is associated with a better cardiometabolic profile, but these beneficial effects may be influenced by genetic variations, modulating the predisposition to obesity or MetS. The aim was to assess whether interaction effects occur between an obesity genetic risk score (obesity-GRS) and the MD on adiposity and MetS in European adolescents. Multiple linear regression models were used to assess the interaction effects of an obesity-GRS and the MD on adiposity and MetS and its components. Interaction effects between the MD on adiposity and MetS were observed in both sex groups (p < 0.05). However, those interaction effects were only expressed in a certain number of adolescents, when a limited number of risk alleles were present. Regarding adiposity, a total of 51.1% males and 98.7% females had lower body mass index (BMI) as a result of higher MD adherence. Concerning MetS, only 9.9% of males with higher MD adherence had lower MetS scores. However, the same effect was observed in 95.2% of females. In conclusion, obesity-related genotypes could modulate the relationship between MD adherence and adiposity and MetS in European adolescents; the interaction effect was higher in females than in males.
Keyphrases
- insulin resistance
- metabolic syndrome
- weight gain
- body mass index
- high fat diet induced
- weight loss
- adipose tissue
- type diabetes
- young adults
- physical activity
- skeletal muscle
- glycemic control
- uric acid
- public health
- genome wide
- cardiovascular risk factors
- risk assessment
- gene expression
- copy number
- health information
- health promotion