Malignant and Benign Tracheobronchial Neoplasms: Comprehensive Review with Radiologic, Bronchoscopic, and Pathologic Correlation.
Francis GirvinAlexander PhanSharon SteinbergerEugene ShostakJamie BessichFang ZhouAlain BorczukGeraldine Brusca-AugelloMargaret GoldbergJoanna EscalonPublished in: Radiographics : a review publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc (2023)
Tracheobronchial neoplasms are much less common than lung parenchymal neoplasms but can be associated with significant morbidity and mortality. They include a broad differential of both malignant and benign entities, extending far beyond more commonly known pathologic conditions such as squamous cell carcinoma and carcinoid tumor. Airway lesions may be incidental findings at imaging or manifest with symptoms related to airway narrowing or mucosal irritation, invasion of adjacent structures, or distant metastatic disease. While there is considerable overlap in clinical manifestation, imaging features, and bronchoscopic appearances, an awareness of potential distinguishing factors may help narrow the differential diagnosis. The authors review the epidemiology, imaging characteristics, typical anatomic distributions, bronchoscopic appearances, and histopathologic findings of a wide range of neoplastic entities involving the tracheobronchial tree. Malignant neoplasms discussed include squamous cell carcinoma, malignant salivary gland tumors (adenoid cystic carcinoma and mucoepidermoid carcinoma), carcinoid tumor, sarcomas, primary tracheobronchial lymphoma, and inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor. Benign neoplasms discussed include hamartoma, chondroma, lipoma, papilloma, amyloidoma, leiomyoma, neurogenic lesions, and benign salivary gland tumors (pleomorphic adenoma and mucous gland adenoma). Familiarity with the range of potential entities and any distinguishing features should prove valuable to thoracic radiologists, pulmonologists, and cardiothoracic surgeons when encountering the myriad of tracheobronchial neoplasms in clinical practice. Attention is paid to any features that may help render a more specific diagnosis before pathologic confirmation. © RSNA, 2023 Quiz questions for this article are available in the supplemental material.
Keyphrases
- squamous cell carcinoma
- high resolution
- locally advanced
- neoadjuvant chemotherapy
- clinical practice
- spinal cord injury
- small cell lung cancer
- oxidative stress
- risk factors
- machine learning
- working memory
- diffuse large b cell lymphoma
- risk assessment
- depressive symptoms
- rectal cancer
- climate change
- high grade
- physical activity
- human health
- drug induced