Enhancing the Therapeutic Efficacy of PD-L1 Antibody for Metastasized Liver Cancer by Overcoming Hepatic Immunotolerance.

The poor response of liver cancers to αPD-L1 therapy is largely due to a unique hepatic immunotolerant microenvironment, independent of tumor origins or types. The success of a combinatorial immunotherapy relies on coordinated inhibition or activation of various innate and adaptive immune cell activities.