Congenital Vascular Malformations in Children: From Historical Perspective to a Multidisciplinary Approach in the Modern Era-A Comprehensive Review.
Frédérique C M BouwmanBas H VerhoevenWillemijn M KleinLeo J Schultze KoolIvo de BlaauwPublished in: Children (Basel, Switzerland) (2024)
Congenital vascular malformations (CVMs) are the result of an aberrant development during embryogenesis. Although these lesions are present at birth, they are not always visible yet. Once symptomatic, patients suffer from pain, bleeding, ulcers, infections or lymphatic leakage, depending on the subtype of vessels involved. Treatment includes conservative management, surgery, sclerotherapy, embolization and pharmacological therapy. The clinical presentation varies widely and treatment can be challenging due to the rarity of the disease and potential difficulties of treatment. This review gives an overview of the historical developments in diagnosis and classification and exposes the key elements of innovations in the past decades on the identification of genetic mutations and personalized treatment. These advances in the field and a multidisciplinary approach are highly valuable in the optimization of clinical care aimed at both curing or stabilizing the CVM and pursuing physical and psychosocial wellbeing.
Keyphrases
- mental health
- end stage renal disease
- machine learning
- chronic kidney disease
- minimally invasive
- physical activity
- chronic pain
- spinal cord
- atrial fibrillation
- gene expression
- coronary artery disease
- acute coronary syndrome
- transcription factor
- newly diagnosed
- bone marrow
- pregnant women
- percutaneous coronary intervention
- risk assessment
- mesenchymal stem cells
- coronary artery bypass
- health insurance
- neuropathic pain
- replacement therapy
- patient reported outcomes
- wound healing
- genome wide identification