Midterm Results of Retrograde In Situ Needle Fenestration During Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair of Aortic Arch Pathologies.

ISNF for revascularization of the LSA during TEVAR seems to be feasible with acceptable midterm outcomes. The learning curve and evolving patient selection criteria affected technical success, complications, and the need for reinterventions. Long-term durability requires further evaluation.