History of the management of talar fractures: from the fall of king Darius to Garibaldi's bullet and from the earliest to current operative strategies.
Carlo BizAlberto CrimìMariapaola RefoloFelicia Deborah ZinnarelloDavide ScapinelloMariachiara CerchiaroPietro RuggieriPublished in: International orthopaedics (2023)
The blooming of orthopaedic surgery at the end of nineteenth century and the high volume of traumas managed in the World Wars brought a better understanding of fracture patterns and their operative treatment. By the work of Hawkins and his classification, the introduction of the CT scan, a better knowledge of injury modalities and bone vascularisation, these challenging injuries finally land in the contemporary era without mysteries. The subsequently developed surgical procedures, although not guaranteeing success, greatly reduce the risk of necrosis and complication rate, improving patient outcomes.
Keyphrases
- computed tomography
- minimally invasive
- healthcare
- machine learning
- dual energy
- climate change
- coronary artery bypass
- deep learning
- bone mineral density
- contrast enhanced
- magnetic resonance imaging
- positron emission tomography
- combination therapy
- bone loss
- coronary artery disease
- atrial fibrillation
- bone regeneration