Serious gaming and virtual reality in the multimodal training of laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair: a randomized crossover study.

The results show that TS brought additional benefit to improve performances on the VR trainer for task 1 but not for task 2. Skill transfer from the VR trainer to TS could not be shown. VR and TS should thus be used in combination with TS first in multimodal training to ensure optimal training conditions.