Effects of NO 3 - , Cl - , and CH 3 COO - anions and diethylene glycol on the morphological, structural, antidiabetic, and cell viability properties of CeO 2 nanoparticles.

Cerium oxide (CeO 2 ) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized using a modified conventional polyol method. The ratio of diethylene glycol (DEG) and water in the synthesis was varied, and three different cerium precursor salts (Ce(NO 3 ) 3 , CeCl 3 , and Ce(CH 3 COO) 3 ) were used. The structure, size, and morphology of the synthesized CeO 2 NPs were studied. An average crystallite size of 13 to 33 nm was obtained from the XRD analysis. Spherical and elongated morphologies of the synthesized CeO 2 NPs were acquired. Average particle sizes in the range of 16-36 nm were obtained by varying different ratios of DEG and water. The presence of DEG molecules on the surface of CeO 2 NPs was confirmed using FTIR. Synthesized CeO 2 NPs were used to study the antidiabetic and cell viability (cell cytotoxicity) properties. Antidiabetic studies were carried out using α-glucosidase enzymes inhibition activity. CeO 2 synthesized using Ce(NO 3 ) 3 and CeCl 3 precursors showed approximately 40.0% α-glucosidase enzyme inhibition activity, while CeO 2 synthesized using Ce(CH 3 COO) 3 showed the lowest α-glucosidase enzyme inhibition activity. Cell viability properties of CeO 2 NPs were investigated using an in vitro cytotoxicity test. CeO 2 NPs prepared using Ce(NO 3 ) 3 and CeCl 3 were non-toxic at lower concentrations, while CeO 2 NPs prepared using Ce(CH 3 COO) 3 were non-toxic at all concentrations. Therefore, polyol-mediated synthesized CeO 2 NPs showed quite good α-glucosidase inhibition activity and biocompatibility.