Comparison of five convolutional neural networks for predicting osteoporosis based on mandibular cortical index on panoramic radiographs.

The highest accuracy was obtained in the differentiation of C3 and C1 where osseous structure characteristics change significantly. Since the C2 score represent the intermediate stage (osteopenia), structural characteristics of the bone present behaviors closer to C1 and C3 scores. Therefore, the data set including the C2 score provided relatively lower accuracy results.