The novel 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was first reported in the last days of December 2019 in Wuhan, China. The presence of certain co-morbidities, including cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), are the basis for worse outcomes in patients with COVID-19. Relevant English-language literature was searched and retrieved from the Google Scholar search engine and PubMed database up to 2023 using COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Heart failure, Myocardial infarction, and Arrhythmia and Cardiac complication as keywords. Increased hemodynamic load, ischemia-related dysfunction, ventricular remodeling, excessive neurohumoral stimulation, abnormal myocyte calcium cycling, and excessive or insufficient extracellular matrix proliferation are associated with heart failure (HF) in COVID-19 patients. Inflammatory reaction due to the excessive release of inflammatory cytokines, leads to myocardial infarction (MI) in these patients. The virus can induce heart arrhythmia through cardiac complications, hypoxia, decreased heart hemodynamics, and remarkable inflammatory markers. Moreover, studies have linked cardiac complications in COVID-19 with poor outcomes, extended hospitalization time, and increased mortality rate. Patients with COVID-19 and CVDs are at higher mortality risk and they should be given high priority when receiving the treatment and intensive care during hospitalization.
Keyphrases
- coronavirus disease
- heart failure
- sars cov
- left ventricular
- respiratory syndrome coronavirus
- extracellular matrix
- risk factors
- cardiac resynchronization therapy
- acute heart failure
- cardiovascular disease
- end stage renal disease
- atrial fibrillation
- weight gain
- ejection fraction
- chronic kidney disease
- systematic review
- prognostic factors
- newly diagnosed
- signaling pathway
- body mass index
- type diabetes
- high intensity
- metabolic syndrome
- physical activity
- combination therapy
- coronary artery disease
- adverse drug
- cardiovascular risk factors
- adipose tissue
- insulin resistance
- cardiovascular events
- endothelial cells
- glycemic control