Maillard Reaction Intermediates and Related Phytochemicals in Black Garlic Determined by EPR and HPLC Analyses.
Kouichi NakagawaHayato MaedaYoshifumi YamayaYudai TonosakiPublished in: Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) (2020)
The Maillard reaction intermediates and related phytochemicals in garlic (Allium sativum L.), which was heated for various lengths of time, using X-band (9 GHz) electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were investigated. Non-spin-trap and non-destructive EPR detected the total reaction intermediates (radicals). The g-value of the signal was 2.004. The signal with a peak-to-peak linewidth (ΔHpp) was approximately 0.67 milli Tesla (mT). The values of the intermediates are suggestive of organic compounds. The garlic darkened in color with the increasing number of heating days. Melanoidin, responsible for darkening of the garlic, was detected at an absorbance of 400 nm. Analysis of the correlation between the EPR intensity and melanoidin absorbance showed a good correlation coefficient (0.98). In addition, 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (5-HMF) and total phenolic compounds increased with the increasing number of heating days. Moreover, trace amount of Fe3+ was observed in the black garlic by EPR. Non-destructive EPR is a useful method for evaluating not only Maillard reaction intermediates, but also the pigment associated with the reaction processes.
Keyphrases
- high performance liquid chromatography
- simultaneous determination
- tandem mass spectrometry
- ms ms
- solid phase extraction
- mass spectrometry
- electron transfer
- magnetic resonance
- photodynamic therapy
- magnetic resonance imaging
- high intensity
- computed tomography
- single molecule
- density functional theory
- metal organic framework
- high resolution
- diffusion weighted imaging
- water soluble