Current situation and forecasting of resistance evolution to lambda-cyhalothrin in Spanish medfly populations.

Lambda-cyhalothrin resistance has not increased in the last decade, probably due to the alternation of this insecticide with spinosad. Our modelling results indicate that the best option to avoid an increase in lambda-cyhalothrin resistant alleles, considering that deltamethrin use is growing, would be to continue combining their use with spinosad. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.