Dual-Loading of Fe 3 O 4 and Pd Nanoparticles on g-C 3 N 4 Nanosheets Toward a Magnetic Nanoplatform with Enhanced Peroxidase-like Activity for Loading Various Enzymes for Visual Detection of Small Molecules.
Xu ZhangChaochen SunRuiling LiXin JinYongning WuFengfu FuPublished in: Analytical chemistry (2023)
Enzyme mimics now play a significant role in biochemistry. Especially, peroxidase mimics have been widely used for developing colorimetric sensors of blood glucose. The peroxidase mimics previously reported could not be recycled for reusing and may generate scattering to cause unwanted optical interference when it was used for fabricating colorimetric sensors. We herein prepared a broad-applicable and reusable magnetic enzyme-loading nanoplatform with enhanced peroxidase-like activity by simultaneously loading Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles (Fe 3 O 4 NPs) and palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs) on graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 ) nanosheets (Fe 3 O 4 NPs/PdNPs/g-C 3 N 4 ). The prepared Fe 3 O 4 NPs/PdNPs/g-C 3 N 4 possesses stable and enhanced peroxidase-like activity and good enzyme-loading capacity and can be used to load various natural enzymes to form highly-efficient and stable double-active nanozyme for fabricating colorimetric sensors for the visual detection of small molecules. Especially, the magnetic feature facilitates the magnetic separation of Fe 3 O 4 NPs/PdNPs/g-C 3 N 4 from sample solution, which is in favor of recycling and eliminating the optical interference caused by nanozyme in colorimetric sensors. The prepared Fe 3 O 4 NPs/PdNPs/g-C 3 N 4 has been successfully used to load glucose oxidase (GOx) and cholesterol oxidase (Chox) to form magnetic peroxidase-GOx and peroxidase-Chox double-active nanozymes, which can be used to fabricate colorimetric methods for the detection of glucose and cholesterol, respectively, with a visual detection limit of 15 μM and a spectrometry detection limit of 1.0 μM. With the developed glucose and cholesterol detection methods, we have successfully detected glucose and cholesterol in serum with a recovery of 98-104% and a RSD ( n = 5) < 5%. With high peroxidase-like activity, good stability, reusable features, and broad applicability of loading enzyme, the developed magnetic Fe 3 O 4 NPs/PdNPs/g-C 3 N 4 provided a promising approach for fabricating cost-effective, sensitive, and simple colorimetric sensors for the visual detection of various small molecules.
Keyphrases
- hydrogen peroxide
- gold nanoparticles
- blood glucose
- label free
- loop mediated isothermal amplification
- highly efficient
- real time pcr
- sensitive detection
- molecularly imprinted
- fluorescent probe
- nitric oxide
- living cells
- reduced graphene oxide
- type diabetes
- high resolution
- machine learning
- blood pressure
- quantum dots
- photodynamic therapy
- low cost
- mass spectrometry
- drug delivery
- metabolic syndrome
- cancer therapy
- deep learning
- liquid chromatography
- insulin resistance
- drug release
- monte carlo