High mobility group box 1 as a biomarker in critically ill patients.

In conclusion, our study did not reveal significant associations between HMGB1 levels at ICU admission and clinical outcomes in critically ill patients. Due to the pathogenic role of HMGB1 in the late phases of experimental sepsis, future studies might assess the potential value of HMGB1 by measuring its plasma concentrations at later time points during the course of critical illness.