Selection bias in estimating the relationship between prolonged ED boarding and mortality in emergency critical care patients.
Kevin GardnerAlexandra June GordonBryant ShannonJason NesbittJennifer G WilsonTsuyoshi MitaraiMichael A KohnPublished in: Journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians open (2022)
Excluding critical care patients who were downgraded in the ED leads to selection bias and overestimation of mortality among prolonged ED boarders.