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Insights on Covid-19 with superimposed pulmonary histoplasmosis: The possible nexus.

Yahya Ahmad AlmutawifHayder M Al-KuraishyAli I Al-GareebAthanasios AlexiouMarios PapadakisHamza Mohammad AliHebatallah M SaadGaber El-Saber Batiha
Published in: Immunity, inflammation and disease (2023)
A novel coronavirus (CoV) known as severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV type 2 is the causative agent for the development of CoV disease 2019 (Covid-19). Covid-19 may increase the risk of developing pulmonary histoplasmosis due to immune dysregulation. In addition, Covid-19 may enhance the propagation of acute pulmonary histoplasmosis due to lung injury and inflammation, and using corticosteroids in severely affected Covid-19 patients may reactivate latent pulmonary histoplasmosis. Likewise, activation of inflammatory signaling pathways during H. capsulatum infection may increase the severity of Covid-19 and vice versa. Furthermore, lymphopenia in Covid-19 may increase the risk for the progress of pulmonary histoplasmosis besides activation of inflammatory signaling pathways during H. capsulatum infection may increase the severity of Covid-19 and vice versa. Therefore, this critical review aimed to find the potential link between Covid-19 pneumonia and pulmonary histoplasmosis concerning the immunological response.
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