Learning curves for robotic-assisted spine surgery: an analysis of the time taken for screw insertion, robot setting, registration, and fluoroscopy.

In an analysis of 125 cases after the introduction of the spine robotic system, the screw insertion time, robot setting time, registration time, and fluoroscopy time were significantly longer in the 25 cases in the period initially after introduction. The times were not significantly different in the subsequent 100 cases. Surgeons can be proficient in robotic-assisted spine surgery after their experience with 25 cases.