Adaptive Functioning and Sleep Quality: Associations in Young Children with Congenital Heart Disease.

Congenital heart disease (CHD) is one of today's leading birth anomalies. Children with CHD are at risk for adaptive functioning challenges. Sleep difficulties are also common in children with CHD. Indeed, sleep-disordered breathing, a common type of sleep dysfunction, is associated with increased mortality for infants with CHD. The present study examined the associations between adaptive functioning and sleep quality (i.e., duration and disruptions) in children with CHD (n = 23) compared to healthy children (n = 38). Results demonstrated associations between mean hours slept and overall adaptive functioning in the CHD group r(21) = .57, p = .005 but not in the healthy group. The CHD group demonstrated lower levels of adaptive functioning in the Conceptual, t(59) = 2.12, p = .039, Cohen's d = 0.53 and Practical, t(59) = 2.22, p = .030, Cohen's d = 0.55 domains, and overall adaptive functioning (i.e., General Adaptive Composite) nearing statistical significance in comparison to the healthy group, t(59) = 2.00, p = .051, Cohen's d = 0.51. The CHD group also demonstrated greater time awake at night, t(56) = 2.19, p = .033, Cohen's d = 0.58 and a greater instance of parent-caregiver reported snoring, χ 2 (1, N = 60) = 5.25, p = .022, V = .296 than the healthy group. Further exploration of the association between adaptive functioning and sleep quality in those with CHD is required to inform clinical practice guidelines.