Sulphated glycosaminoglycan isolated from the edible slipper oyster Magallana bilineata (Röding, 1798) attenuates inflammatory cytokines on lipopolysaccharide-prompted macrophages.

The slipper oyster Magallana bilineata (Ostreidae) is considered as culinary delicacy among marine bivalves, and a sulphated glycosaminoglycan, 4,6-O-SO 3 - β -(1→3)-GalNAc p (unit A) and β -(1→4)-GlcA p (unit B) as principle structural motif containing laterally branched 4-O-SO 3 - β -glucopyranose (unit C) (MBP-3) was isolated from this species. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR), and mass spectroscopy techniques were used to characterise MBP-3. MBP-3 exhibited anti-inflammatory activities against inflammatory 5-lipoxygenase (IC 50 0.11 mg mL -1 ) and cyclooxygenase-2 (IC 50 0.12 mg mL -1 ) enzymes. MBP-3 (at 100 μg mL -1 ) showed effective downregulation against pro-inflammatory cytokines generation, namely interleukins-6, 1 β , (IL-6, 1 β ) (1-1.7 pg mL -1 ) and tumour necrosis factor- α (TNF- α ) (4 pg mL -1 ) along with substantial downregulation of ROS production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-inflamed cells. MBP-3 blocked the mRNA of NF- κ B, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and other cytokines, in lipopolysaccharide-induced macrophages. The potential to constrain inflammatory cytokine production revealed its application to develop functional food to attenuate inflammation-associated disorders.