Imaging Sodium Dendrite Growth in All-Solid-State Sodium Batteries Using 23 Na T2 -Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging.
Gregory J ReesDominic Spencer JollyZiyang NingT James MarrowGalina E PavlovskayaPeter G BrucePublished in: Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) (2020)
Two-dimensional, Knight-shifted, T2 -contrasted 23 Na magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of an all-solid-state cell with a Na electrode and a ceramic electrolyte is employed to directly observe Na microstructural growth. A spalling dendritic morphology is observed and confirmed by more conventional post-mortem analysis; X-ray tomography and scanning electron microscopy. A significantly larger 23 Na T2 for the dendritic growth, compared with the bulk metal electrode, is attributed to increased sodium ion mobility in the dendrite. 23 Na T2 -contrast MRI of metallic sodium offers a clear, routine method for observing and isolating microstructural growths and can supplement the current suite of techniques utilised to analyse dendritic growth in all-solid-state cells.
Keyphrases
- solid state
- magnetic resonance imaging
- contrast enhanced
- electron microscopy
- high resolution
- magnetic resonance
- computed tomography
- white matter
- induced apoptosis
- stem cells
- single cell
- multiple sclerosis
- mesenchymal stem cells
- oxidative stress
- cell cycle arrest
- cell proliferation
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- fluorescence imaging
- photodynamic therapy