Monoclonal Antibodies: The Greatest Resource to Treat Multiple Myeloma.
Fabiola De LucaAlessandro AllegraCarla Di ChioSanto PrevitiMaria ZappalàRoberta EttariPublished in: International journal of molecular sciences (2023)
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a currently incurable hematologic cancer. This disease is characterized by immunological alterations of myeloid cells and lymphocytes. The first-line therapy involves the use of classic chemotherapy; however, many patients have a relapsed form that could evolve into a refractory MM. The new therapeutic frontiers involve the use of new monoclonal antibodies (Mab) such as daratumumab, isatuximab, and elotuzumab. In addition to monoclonal antibodies, new immunotherapies based on modern bispecific antibodies and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy have been investigated. For this reason, immunotherapy represents the greatest hope for the treatment of MM. This review intends to focus the attention on the new approved antibody targets. The most important are: CD38 (daratumumab and isatuximab), SLAM7 (elotuzumab), and BCMA (belantamab mafodotin) for the treatment of MM currently used in clinical practice. Although the disease is still incurable, the future perspective is to find the best therapeutic combination among all available drugs.
Keyphrases
- multiple myeloma
- cell therapy
- end stage renal disease
- acute myeloid leukemia
- chronic kidney disease
- stem cells
- mesenchymal stem cells
- prognostic factors
- squamous cell carcinoma
- bone marrow
- peritoneal dialysis
- dendritic cells
- signaling pathway
- cell cycle arrest
- papillary thyroid
- radiation therapy
- combination therapy
- locally advanced
- working memory
- cell death
- patient reported outcomes
- smoking cessation
- current status
- replacement therapy
- young adults
- atomic force microscopy
- lymph node metastasis
- childhood cancer