Emergent properties of branching morphologies modulate the sensitivity of coral calcification to high P CO2.

Experiments with coral fragments (i.e. nubbins) have shown that net calcification is depressed by elevated P CO2 Evaluating the implications of this finding requires scaling of results from nubbins to colonies, yet the experiments to codify this process have not been carried out. Building from our previous research demonstrating that net calcification of Pocillopora verrucosa (2-13 cm diameter) was unaffected by P CO2  (400 and 1000 µatm) and temperature (26.5 and 29.7°C), we sought generality to this outcome by testing how colony size modulates P CO2  and temperature sensitivity in a branching acroporid. Together, these taxa represent two of the dominant lineages of branching corals on Indo-Pacific coral reefs. Two trials conducted over 2 years tested the hypothesis that the seasonal range in seawater temperature (26.5 and 29.2°C) and a future P CO2  (1062 µatm versus an ambient level of 461 µatm) affect net calcification of an ecologically relevant size range (5-20 cm diameter) of colonies of Acropora hyacinthus As for P. verrucosa, the effects of temperature and P CO2  on net calcification (mg day-1) of A. verrucosa were not statistically detectable. These results support the generality of a null outcome on net calcification of exposing intact colonies of branching corals to environmental conditions contrasting seasonal variation in temperature and predicted future variation in P CO2 While there is a need to expand beyond an experimental culture relying on coral nubbins as tractable replicates, rigorously responding to this need poses substantial ethical and logistical challenges.