Sea Anemone Kunitz-Type Peptides Demonstrate Neuroprotective Activity in the 6-Hydroxydopamine Induced Neurotoxicity Model.

Kunitz-type peptides from venomous animals have been known to inhibit different proteinases and also to modulate ion channels and receptors, demonstrating analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-histamine and many other biological activities. At present, there is evidence of their neuroprotective effects. We have studied eight Kunitz-type peptides of the sea anemone Heteractis crispa to find molecules with cytoprotective activity in the 6-OHDA-induced neurotoxicity model on neuroblastoma Neuro-2a cells. It has been shown that only five peptides significantly increase the viability of neuronal cells treated with 6-OHDA. The TRPV1 channel blocker, HCRG21, has revealed the neuroprotective effect that could be indirect evidence of TRPV1 involvement in the disorders associated with neurodegeneration. The pre-incubation of Neuro-2a cells with HCRG21 followed by 6-OHDA treatment has resulted in a prominent reduction in ROS production compared the untreated cells. It is possible that the observed effect is due to the ability of the peptide act as an efficient free-radical scavenger. One more leader peptide, InhVJ, has shown a neuroprotective activity and has been studied at concentrations of 0.01-10.0 µM. The target of InhVJ is still unknown, but it was the best of all eight homologous peptides in an absolute cell viability increment on 38% of the control in the 6-OHDA-induced neurotoxicity model. The targets of the other three active peptides remain unknown.