Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Activities of the Secondary Metabolites of Endophytic Fungi Isolated from the Medicinal Plant Hyssopus officinalis .
Farkhod B EshboevMarina KarakozovaJaloliddin AbdurakhmanovKhayrulla BobakulovKhayotjon DolimovAkhror AbdurashidovAsadali BaymirzaevArtyom MakhnyovEkaterina TerentevaSobirdjan A SasmakovGalina PiyakinaDilfuza EgamberdievaPavel A NazarovShakhnoz AzimovaPublished in: Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) (2023)
According to the World Health Organization, it is estimated that by 2050, drug-resistant infections could cause up to 10 million deaths annually. Therefore, finding a new generation of antibiotics is crucial. Natural compounds from endophytic fungi are considered a potential source of new-generation antibiotics. The antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects of ethyl acetate extracts of nine endophytic fungal isolates obtained from Hyssopus officinalis were investigated for bioassay-guided isolation of the natural compounds. An extract of isolate VII showed the highest antimicrobial activities against Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus (30.12 ± 0.20 mm and 35.21 ± 0.20 mm) and Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (30.41 ± 0.23 mm and 25.12 ± 0.25 mm) among the tested extracts of isolates. Molecular identification of isolate VII confirmed it as Chaetomium elatum based on sequencing of its ITS genes, and it was discovered that this was the first time C. elatum had been isolated from H. officinalis. This isolate was cultured at a large scale for the isolation and identification of the active compound. Penicillic acid was isolated for the first time from C. elatum and its chemical structure was established by NMR spectroscopy. The penicillic acid showed strong antibacterial activities against Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus with 20.68 mm and 25.51 mm inhibition zones, respectively. In addition, MIC and MBC values and antibiofilm activities of penicillic acid were determined. It was found that penicillic acid reduced the level of biofilms in proportion to antibacterial activity.
Keyphrases
- staphylococcus aureus
- bacillus subtilis
- drug resistant
- biofilm formation
- pseudomonas aeruginosa
- escherichia coli
- multidrug resistant
- acinetobacter baumannii
- bioinformatics analysis
- cystic fibrosis
- essential oil
- methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus
- gram negative
- oxidative stress
- candida albicans
- genome wide
- dna methylation
- transcription factor
- silver nanoparticles
- gene expression
- climate change
- human health
- cell wall