Prevalent bee venom genes evolved before the aculeate stinger and eusociality.

Ivan KoludarovMariana VelasqueTobias SenonerThomas TimmCarola GreveAlexander Ben HamadouDeepak Kumar GuptaGünter LochnitMichael HeinzingerAndreas VilcinskasRosalyn GloagBrock A HarpurLars PodsiadlowskiBurkhard RostTimothy N W JacksonSebastien DutertreEckart StolleBjörn M von Reumont

Published in: BMC biology (2023)

Most Hymenoptera venom genes are shared by all members of the clade and only melittin and the new venom protein family anthophilin1 appear unique to the bee lineage. Most venom proteins thus predate the mega-radiation of hymenopterans and the evolution of the aculeate stinger.

Keyphrases

genome wide
bioinformatics analysis
dna methylation
radiation induced
amino acid
genome wide analysis
transcription factor