Reinforcement learning using Deep [Formula: see text] networks and [Formula: see text] learning accurately localizes brain tumors on MRI with very small training sets.

We have successfully applied reinforcement learning to localize brain tumors on 2D contrast-enhanced MRI brain images. This represents a generalization of recent work to a gridworld setting naturally suitable for analyzing medical images. We have shown that reinforcement learning does not over-fit small training sets, and can generalize to a separate testing set.