Association of chronic inflammation and accelerated atherosclerosis among an indigenous black population with chronic kidney disease.

The study demonstrated associations between circulating endotoxaemia, systemic inflammation and accelerated atherosclerosis among South African CKD patients, and showed that the atherogenic predictive power of endotoxaemia was significantly increased by the presence of elevated levels of inflammatory markers. Additional findings, which must be confirmed, suggest that TLR4 polymorphisms are associated with low levels of inflammatory markers and CIMT values.