Combination strategies to maximize the benefits of cancer immunotherapy.
Shaoming ZhuTian ZhangLei ZhengHongtao LiuWenru SongDelong LiuZihai LiChong-Xian PanPublished in: Journal of hematology & oncology (2021)
Immunotherapies such as immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) and adoptive cell therapy (ACT) have revolutionized cancer treatment, especially in patients whose disease was otherwise considered incurable. However, primary and secondary resistance to single agent immunotherapy often results in treatment failure, and only a minority of patients experience long-term benefits. This review article will discuss the relationship between cancer immune response and mechanisms of resistance to immunotherapy. It will also provide a comprehensive review on the latest clinical status of combination therapies (e.g., immunotherapy with chemotherapy, radiation therapy and targeted therapy), and discuss combination therapies approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. It will provide an overview of therapies targeting cytokines and other soluble immunoregulatory factors, ACT, virotherapy, innate immune modifiers and cancer vaccines, as well as combination therapies that exploit alternative immune targets and other therapeutic modalities. Finally, this review will include the stimulating insights from the 2020 China Immuno-Oncology Workshop co-organized by the Chinese American Hematologist and Oncologist Network (CAHON), the China National Medical Product Administration (NMPA) and Tsinghua University School of Medicine.
Keyphrases
- cell therapy
- end stage renal disease
- radiation therapy
- immune response
- newly diagnosed
- chronic kidney disease
- ejection fraction
- papillary thyroid
- stem cells
- mental health
- palliative care
- physical activity
- patient reported
- squamous cell carcinoma
- drug delivery
- quality improvement
- locally advanced
- inflammatory response
- toll like receptor
- rectal cancer
- bone marrow