Sodiophilic Mg 2+ -Decorated Ti 3 C 2 MXene for Dendrite-Free Sodium Metal Batteries with Carbonate-Based Electrolytes.
Huiyu JiangXiaohang LinChuanliang WeiYuchan ZhangJinkui FengXuelei TianPublished in: Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) (2022)
The advantages of sodium metal, such as abundant resources, low cost, high capacity, and high working potential, make it a promising metal anode. Unfortunately, the hazardous dendrite growth of sodium metal is one of the major hindrances for the practical application of sodium metal batteries (SMBs). By applying multifunctional Mg(II)@Ti 3 C 2 MXene as the protective layer for commercial Cu foil, the wettability of the electrolyte on the current collector is dramatically improved with the suppression of sodium dendrites. Moreover, the first-principles calculations prove that the surface of Mg(0001) is able to establish a connection with Na(111) growth, with Mg acting as the nucleation seed for sodium. The experimental results indicate that even when a high areal capacity of sodium (2 mAh cm -2 ) is deposited, no sodium dendrite is observed. Electrochemical tests, including symmetric cells, Na||Cu asymmetric cells, and full cells, prove the sodiophilic character of Mg 2+ -decorated Ti 3 C 2 MXene. The results may also create a new pathway for developing other dendrite-free metal anodes, such as Li/K/Zn/Ca/Mg.
Keyphrases
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