Dysregulation of peripheral monocytes and pro-inflammation of alpha-synuclein in Parkinson's disease.

Our results revealed a strong dysregulation of peripheral monocytes in PD patients, including subpopulation shifts and impaired response to specific stimuli, and the proinflammatory effect of α-synuclein on monocytes. Further studies are needed to clarify the specific mechanisms by which these immunological abnormalities are present in PD to open the possibility of immunoregulatory therapy.