Positive and negative birefringence in packed films of binary spherical colloidal particles.

We have investigated the birefringence in packed films of binary spherical colloidal particles. Particulate films were obtained by drying a mixed suspension of colloidal particles with two different diameters. We observed positive and negative birefringence depending on the diameters and volume ratios of the large and small particles. When the diameters of the large and small particles were similar, the films showed positive birefringence. However, negative birefringence or weakening of positive birefringence was observed in films with a large diameter ratio and an optimal volume fraction of large particles. The large particles were embedded in packed small particles in the negative and weakened positive birefringent films. We propose a packing structure in which a single shell layer of small particles formed around a large particle. Using this model, we estimated the required volume ratio of large particles, and it was in good agreement with the optimal volume fraction. The relation between the packing structure of the binary colloidal particles and the birefringence is discussed.