Tunable liquid lens for three-photon excitation microscopy.
Samuel D GilinskyDiane N JungGregory L FutiaMo ZohrabiTarah A WeltonOmkar D SupekarEmily A GibsonDiego RestrepoVictor M BrightJuliet T GopinathPublished in: Biomedical optics express (2024)
We demonstrate a novel electrowetting liquid combination using a room temperature ionic liquid (RTIL) and a nonpolar liquid, 1-phenyl-1-cyclohexene (PCH) suitable for focus-tunable 3-photon microscopy. We show that both liquids have over 90% transmission at 1300 nm over a 1.1 mm pathlength and an index of refraction contrast of 0.123. A lens using these liquids can be tuned from a contact angle of 133 to 48° with applied voltages of 0 and 60 V, respectively. Finally, a three-photon imaging system including an RTIL electrowetting lens was used to image a mouse brain slice. Axial scans taken with an electrowetting lens show excellent agreement with images acquired using a mechanically scanned objective.
Keyphrases
- ionic liquid
- room temperature
- high resolution
- living cells
- cataract surgery
- single molecule
- optical coherence tomography
- deep learning
- high throughput
- high speed
- energy transfer
- magnetic resonance
- monte carlo
- photodynamic therapy
- convolutional neural network
- machine learning
- mass spectrometry
- contrast enhanced
- quantum dots
- dual energy
- fluorescence imaging
- single cell