AP-1 signaling modulates cardiac fibroblast stress responses.

Matrix remodeling outcomes largely dictate patient survival post-myocardial infarction. Moreover, human-restricted noncoding regulatory elements have been shown to worsen fibrosis, but their mechanism of action remains elusive. Here, we demonstrate using induced pluripotent stem cell derived cardiac fibroblasts (iCFs) that inflammatory ligands abundant in the remodeling heart after infarction activate AP-1 signaling pathways resulting in fibrotic responses. This observed signaling induces deposition of fibronectin matrix and is further capable of supporting immune cell adhesion; pathway inhibition blocks iCF matrix production and cell adhesion. Polymorphisms in the noncoding regulatory elements within the 9p21 locus (also referred to as ANRIL) redirect stress programs, and in iCFs, they transcriptionally silence the AP-1 inducible transcription factor GATA5. The presence of these polymorphisms modulate iCF matrix production and assembly and reduce cell-cell signaling. These data suggest that this signaling axis is a critical modulator of cardiac disease models and may be influenced by noncoding regulatory elements.