Hemivertebrae: a comprehensive review of embryology, imaging, classification, and management.

Jaspreet JohalMarios LoukasChristian FisahnJens R ChapmanRod J OskouianR Shane Tubbs

Published in: Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery (2016)

Hemivertebrae are structural anomalies of the vertebral column that can potentially disrupt the spine's normal curvature. Their clinical impact depends on factors such as degree of segmentation and concurrence with other structural anomalies. It is hoped that this review will provide the clinician who treats patients with hemivertebrae a resource in better understanding this finding and its subsequent pathological effects.

Keyphrases

deep learning
high resolution
machine learning
convolutional neural network
bone mineral density
photodynamic therapy
solid phase extraction
tandem mass spectrometry