Tracing major metabolites of quinoxaline-1,4-dioxides in abalone with high-performance liquid chromatography tandem positive-mode electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.

These results indicate that the LC-MS/MS method developed could be applied for QdNOs and major metabolites detection in actual samples. Considering the large production and consumption of abalone in Shandong Province, China, this work will also contribute to the further understanding of the often-ignored exposure pathway of QdNOs. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.