Childhood Obesity, Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease Risk.
Mostafa SalamaBabu BalagopalIlene FennoySeema KumarPublished in: The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism (2023)
This mini review aims to briefly summarize the pathophysiology of childhood obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease risk (CVD risk) in children and adolescents. Recent data on efficacy of lifestyle interventions, medications and metabolic surgery for obesity, T2DM and CVD risk factors are also reviewed. We conducted a PubMed search of English language original and review articles relevant to childhood obesity, T2DM and CVD risk factors and biomarkers in children with an emphasis on recent publications. Childhood obesity arises from an intricate interaction between genetic, physiologic, environmental, and socioeconomic factors. The rise in the prevalence of childhood obesity is associated with the development of comorbidities including T2DM and CVD at an early age. A multipronged approach is central to the detection, monitoring and management of childhood obesity and associated adverse metabolic consequences.
Keyphrases
- cardiovascular disease
- risk factors
- glycemic control
- type diabetes
- metabolic syndrome
- minimally invasive
- young adults
- weight loss
- physical activity
- emergency department
- gene expression
- autism spectrum disorder
- climate change
- cardiovascular events
- electronic health record
- dna methylation
- skeletal muscle
- coronary artery disease
- percutaneous coronary intervention
- data analysis
- atrial fibrillation
- high fat diet induced